COE Reweal: How to Pay the PQP Without Draining Your Savings
A COE renewal means paying the Prevailing Quota Premium (PQP) to the Land Transport Authority (LTA) in one payment to keep your car’s Certificate of Entitlement (COE). As of October 2026, a 10-year renewal for a Category A car costs S$128,715. LTA accepts eNETS Debit or SGQR PayNow, not credit cards. To pay for a COE renewal without emptying your savings, you can renew for five years at half the PQP, take a bank COE car loan, or cover a shortfall with a personal loan from a licensed moneylender. Which of those fits depends on decisions that come before the payment: whether the car is worth keeping, how long to renew for, and when to do it. This guide works through them in that order, then looks at what borrowing the gap would actually cost. The PQP Sets the Price of Your COE Renewal The cost of renewing a COE is the PQP for your vehicle category. A 10-year renewal costs the full PQP, and a 5-year renewal costs 50% of it, rounded up to the nearest dollar. LTA calculates the PQP as the moving average of the Quota Premiums from the last three months in which COE bidding took place, leaving out months with no bidding. LTA publishes a PQP for each month, so what you pay depends on when you renew. These are the figures for October 2026. Category 10-year renewal (full PQP) 5-year renewal (50%, rounded up) A S$128,715 S$64,358 B S$131,616 S$65,808 C S$92,614 S$46,307 D S$11,161 S$5,581 Category E has no renewal PQP of its own. A vehicle registered with a Category E COE renews under its corresponding Category A to D. Renewal rules: LTA OneMotoring, COE Renewal. Renewing Versus Deregistering the Car When a COE expires, the owner either renews it or deregisters and disposes of the vehicle. The PQP is the visible cost of renewing. Behind it sit the Preferential Additional Registration Fee (PARF) rebate, a road tax surcharge that rises with age, and the chance that the car will not last the renewal period. Renewing does not by itself cancel PARF eligibility. PARF depends on the car’s age and other conditions when it is deregistered, and once a car is more than 10 years old, the current PARF schedule provides no PARF rebate. For a car reaching the end of its first 10-year COE, deregistering after a renewal will generally fall outside that schedule. Road tax climbs too. As of October 2026, LTA adds a surcharge of 10% for vehicles more than 10 years old, rising to 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% as the vehicle gets older. That cost recurs every year of the renewal, on top of any loan repayments. If the car has to go early, the PQP is not entirely lost. A renewed COE can earn a COE rebate when the vehicle is deregistered before the COE expires. LTA bases it on the PQP paid for the renewal, prorated to the remaining period. A loan taken to pay that PQP keeps its own repayment terms, set out in the Note of Contract. Five Years Halves the Bill but Limits What Comes Next A 5-year renewal halves the upfront payment, but for Categories A, B and D it can be used only once. When that period ends, the vehicle must be deregistered. Category C works differently: a 5-year renewal can be followed by further 5-year renewals until the vehicle reaches its statutory lifespan. Per year, the two options cost almost the same. As of October 2026, a Category A 10-year renewal works out to S$12,871.50 a year, and a 5-year renewal to S$12,871.60 a year. The real difference is how much cash you need now, and whether you want the option of keeping the car beyond five years. Diesel cars have one more limit. As of October 2026, diesel cars registered before 1 January 2025 can continue to renew their COE, but they cannot use the one-time 5-year renewal option. Timing Your COE Renewal So No Months Are Wasted Renewing in the month your COE expires wastes nothing, because the new COE starts the day after the old one ends. Renew any earlier and the new COE starts on the first day of the month after you renew. The unused time on the old COE is forfeited. Renewing late is possible, but only within one month after expiry and with a late fee. As of October 2026, the fee is S$50 for a motorcycle and S$50 to S$250 for a private car, depending on engine capacity. Company cars, goods vehicles, public service vehicles and others pay S$250. After that month, the vehicle must be disposed of immediately. If you plan to borrow part of the PQP, start early enough to have the loan in place before your expiry month. Approval from any lender is subject to its assessment, so do not plan around money arriving on a particular day. Paying for a COE Renewal Without Emptying Your Savings LTA takes the PQP as a single online payment by eNETS Debit or SGQR PayNow. As of October 2026, card payment is not available for LTA’s Renew COE service, so the cost cannot be spread over a credit card. To lower the upfront amount, you can choose the 5-year renewal. To spread the cost, you need to borrow through a bank or a licensed moneylender. Check your payment limit before renewal day. As of October 2026, default eNETS Debit limits are S$3,000 at DBS/POSB, S$5,000 at OCBC, S$10,000 at UOB and S$20,000 at Standard Chartered, and each can be raised to S$100,000. A PQP above S$100,000, which includes a 10-year renewal in Category A or B, is paid by SGQR PayNow. Banks offer COE renewal financing. UOB, for example, markets a COE Car Loan for revalidated COEs. As of October 2026, its tenure runs up to five years for a 5-year COE and up to seven years for a 10-year COE, never beyond the COE’s expiry. A personal loan from a
Hiring Your First Helper in Singapore: The Upfront Costs to Plan For
Hiring a helper for the first time in Singapore means paying several costs before she starts work. These are the Work Permit application and issuance fees, a S$5,000 security bond for a non-Malaysian helper, mandatory insurance, a medical examination, the Employers’ Orientation Programme (EOP), the Settling-In Programme (SIP), the first levy and your employment agency’s fee. In a January 2026 parliamentary reply, the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) put the median upfront recruitment outlay for a new migrant domestic worker (MDW) at about S$4,700. Around half of that was a loan to the helper that employers later recover. That median is a benchmark, not a price list. Your own bill depends on the agency, the insurer and whether your helper is new to Singapore or transferring from another employer. Below, each cost is set out in turn, followed by what the law says about borrowing to cover it and when waiting may be the better choice. Figures are as of 1 October 2026. The costs MOM requires before your helper starts work MOM sets the requirements for every employer in Singapore hiring a migrant domestic worker, and several of them carry a cost. As of 1 October 2026, the fixed government fees are modest: S$35 to apply for the Work Permit and S$35 to have it issued. Most of the other items are priced by the bank, insurer, clinic or course provider you choose. Cost Applies to Requirement or amount (as of 1 October 2026) Work Permit application fee All employers S$35 Work Permit issuance fee All employers S$35 Security bond Employers of non-Malaysian helpers A S$5,000 guarantee from a bank or insurer, not a cash payment to MOM Medical insurance All employers Minimum annual claim limit of S$60,000; the employer bears the cost Personal accident insurance All employers Minimum sum assured of S$60,000; the employer bears the cost Pre-employment medical examination All new helpers Within 2 weeks of arrival; paid by the employer Employers’ Orientation Programme (EOP) First-time employers S$35–S$76 in a classroom or S$29–S$36 online; completed at least 2 working days before the Work Permit application Settling-In Programme (SIP) First-time helpers S$76.40–S$92.65 including GST, depending on provider; attended within 7 days of arrival; paid by the employer Levy All employers S$300 a month for a first helper, S$450 for each subsequent helper, or S$60 at the concessionary rate Two of these are easy to misread. The security bond is not S$5,000 in cash. You arrange a S$5,000 guarantee through a bank or insurer, and you cannot make your helper pay for it. The levy is the other. For a helper arriving for the first time, it starts on the fifth day of her arrival, counting the arrival day itself. That makes it part of your first month’s costs as well as a monthly one. Agency fees, the placement loan and costs outside MOM’s list Employment agency fees in Singapore are not fixed by MOM. They vary by agency and by the services included, which is why MOM’s January 2026 median of about S$4,700 is a useful reference point rather than a quote. Around half of that median was a loan to the helper, which employers later recover. Agencies sometimes describe this arrangement in “loan months”. Ask for the quote to show the agency’s service fee and any placement loan as separate lines, because MOM treats them differently. Its rules on refunding agency service fees to employers, for example, exclude the helper’s placement loan. MOM also limits what a Singapore employment agency can charge the helper herself: recruitment fees are capped at two months’ salary for two years of service. Whether her air ticket is part of the package depends on the agency, so read the quote line by line. Then there are the costs that sit outside any quote. A bed or mattress, bedding, toiletries, a phone or SIM card and extra groceries all add up in the first weeks. What you spend depends on what you already have at home, so set your own budget for these rather than relying on a typical figure. Monthly costs, eligibility and the concessionary levy Once a helper starts work in Singapore, the employer’s recurring costs are her salary, the monthly levy, her food, her medical care and other upkeep. MOM’s key facts on the MDW Work Permit set no fixed minimum salary, so the salary you agree is a figure you control. The levy is not fixed: as of 1 October 2026, it is S$300 a month for a first helper. A few later costs belong in the budget from day one. Your helper needs a medical examination every six months, paid by you. When the employment ends, MOM requires the employer to pay for her repatriation. Eligibility comes before any of this. MOM requires an employer to be at least 21, not an undischarged bankrupt, and have the mental capacity to carry out an employer’s responsibilities. MOM also considers your financial ability and caregiving needs, but it does not publish a fixed minimum household income. The concessionary levy of S$60 a month applies, as of 1 October 2026, when your household includes a Singapore Citizen child below 16, a qualifying elderly person aged 67 or above, or a qualifying person with disabilities. For families hiring a helper to care for a parent after a hospital stay, or for a young child, it is worth checking before you set a budget. The difference is S$240 every month. Transfer helper or new helper: where the costs differ Choosing a transfer helper already working in Singapore changes some upfront costs, but not all of them. The SIP is required for first-time MDWs, so a helper who has worked here before may not need to attend it. The security bond, insurance, and a Work Permit issued in the new employer’s name are still needed either way. The other variable is the agency. MOM does not set agency fees for either route, so the clearest comparison is two itemised quotes side by side, one
The Debt Consultants Who Steer People Into Bankruptcy
When debts pile up across credit cards, personal loans, and moneylender loans, an offer to “sort it all out” can sound like relief. In Singapore, some of those offers come from debt consultancy firms, and some of those firms have encouraged people to file for bankruptcy as a route to the government’s Debt Repayment Scheme (DRS). The Ministry of Law (MinLaw) has received calls about these firms. It warns the public about misleading claims made about the DRS, and it does not endorse or recommend any debt consultancy firm. The Straits Times reported in June 2025 that some consultants also encouraged debtors to borrow more money to pay their fees. Bankruptcy is a serious legal step with effects that outlast it. Here is how the bankruptcy route works, what it costs, and what to look at before you pay anyone for advice. What debt consultants do, and who oversees them Debt consultancy firms in Singapore are businesses that advise people on debt-management options. According to MinLaw’s Insolvency Office, they may also help prepare documents for submission to MinLaw and the Court, and they charge fees for this work. Unlike lawyers and accountants, debt consultants are not regulated, as The Straits Times reported in June 2025. That doesn’t make every consultant dishonest, but it does mean the advice comes from a business with a fee attached. Check it against MinLaw’s own information before acting on it. Credit Counselling Singapore (CCS) is an independent, non-profit social service agency. It provides credit counselling and facilitates Debt Management Programmes, including a Moneylender Debt Management Programme for people who owe money to licensed moneylenders. MinLaw also lists social-service agencies that assist debtors: Adullam Life Counselling, the Association of Muslim Professionals (AMP), Arise2Care Community Services, Blessed Grace Social Services, One Hope Centre and Silver Lining Community Services. Their contact details are on MinLaw’s Alternatives to Bankruptcy page. How the bankruptcy route to the DRS works The key detail is how the Debt Repayment Scheme is designed. You cannot apply for the DRS directly. A bankruptcy application must be filed first, and the Court may then refer the case for DRS assessment. As of September 2026, the DRS threshold is S$150,000. That is a separate figure from the bankruptcy threshold: a bankruptcy application can be made where the debtor owes at least S$15,000 that they cannot repay. So a suggestion to file for bankruptcy “to get into the DRS” is, in practice, a bankruptcy application. Referral to the DRS is up to the Court, not guaranteed. If a consultant recommends this route, ask before you sign anything: Which options have you ruled out, and why? What is your total fee, and will you put it in writing? What happens if the Court does not refer my case to the DRS? What bankruptcy really costs in Singapore Bankruptcy in Singapore does not wipe the slate clean. After discharge, unpaid debts are generally extinguished, but some are not, including debts owed to the Singapore Government, and fines remain payable. While you are bankrupt, ordinary decisions such as travelling overseas or running a company need permission. The record also follows you afterwards: Credit Bureau Singapore keeps it for five years from the date of discharge. Some protections do exist, as the table shows. What bankruptcy affects in Singapore (as of September 2026) Area What happens Travel Prior permission from the Official Assignee or private trustee-in-bankruptcy, generally at least 14 days ahead Companies Permission needed to act as a director or take part in managing a company Work MinLaw notes bankruptcy can cause employment difficulties; work pass holders should check with the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) CPF CPF savings are protected from creditors and the Official Assignee, within the limits set by law HDB Flats with at least one Singapore Citizen owner are protected from creditors; separate rules apply to buying an HDB flat while bankrupt Sources: MinLaw Insolvency Office – Impact of Bankruptcy, Advisory on Leaving Singapore, Credit Bureau Singapore Missed repayments have their own price Missed repayments cost money whichever route you take. If you stop paying a licensed moneylender loan in Singapore, the lender can charge late interest and a late fee, but both are capped by law. As of September 2026, late interest is at most 4% a month on the amount repaid late, and the late fee is at most S$60 for each month of late repayment. Interest, late interest, the admin fee, and late fees together can never exceed the loan principal. Maximum charges on a licensed moneylender loan in Singapore (as of September 2026) Charge Legal maximum Interest 4% per month, any income level, secured or unsecured, on the principal still owed Late interest 4% per month, only on the amount repaid late Late fee S$60 for each month of late repayment Administrative fee Not exceeding 10% of the principal, when the loan is granted All of the above combined Can never exceed the principal Court-ordered legal costs Permitted outside the cap, if the lender successfully sues to recover the loan Source: Registry of Moneylenders, FAQs on Borrowing From Licensed Moneylenders Interest is capped by law at 4% per month; the rate you are quoted depends on the lender’s assessment. A worked example: three missed instalments on a S$3,000 loan This example is illustrative only and uses the legal maximums as of September 2026, not any lender’s rates. Your Note of Contract sets out your actual charges. Say you borrowed S$3,000, repayable in six monthly instalments of S$500 principal plus interest, and stopped paying after three. Month of missed payments Principal overdue Late interest (4% max) Late fee (max) First S$500 S$20 S$60 Second S$1,000 S$40 S$60 Third S$1,500 S$60 S$60 Total S$120 S$180 Three months of missed payments can cost up to S$300 in late charges alone, or 20% of the S$1,500 missed. The ceiling still applies: if the lender charged the maximum admin fee of S$300 (10% of S$3,000), all interest, late interest and late fees combined could not go past
Why Splitting One Loan Into Several Smaller Loans Can Cost More in Singapore
You need S$6,000. You could take it as one loan, or as three smaller loans of S$2,000 — now, next month, and the month after. The interest cap is the same either way. What changes is how many times a fee is charged, how much late-payment exposure you carry, and how much borrowing room you have left afterwards. Two of those work against you, and the third is fixed by law regardless of how you arrange things. Why does splitting one loan into several smaller loans cost more in Singapore? Splitting adds cost in two specific ways. Licensed moneylenders in Singapore may charge an administrative fee of up to 10% of the principal each time a loan is granted, so borrowing three separate times means that fee is charged three times. Late fees of up to S$60 for each month of late repayment apply to each loan separately, so three loans carry up to S$180 a month in late fees instead of S$60. These limits are as of September 2026. What splitting does not do is create extra borrowing room. The unsecured borrowing cap is aggregate across all licensed moneylenders combined, not per lender. Is it cheaper to take one bigger loan or two smaller loans from a licensed moneylender? For the same total borrowed at the same time, the difference is smaller than most borrowers expect. The administrative fee is a percentage, so 10% of one S$6,000 loan is S$600, and 10% of three S$2,000 loans is also S$600. The maximum interest rate is 4% per month either way, as of September 2026. What does change is your late-payment exposure and the number of repayment schedules you have to keep track of. One S$6,000 loan compared with three S$2,000 loans, using maximum permitted charges as of September 2026. Illustration only. One S$6,000 loan Three S$2,000 loans Total principal S$6,000 S$6,000 Maximum administrative fee (10% of principal) S$600 S$600 (S$200 × 3) Maximum interest rate 4% per month 4% per month on each loan Maximum late fee if you miss one month S$60 S$180 (S$60 × 3) Separate repayment schedules 1 3 Separate cost ceilings One, capped at S$6,000 Three, capped at S$2,000 each The real cost gap opens up when the loans are taken at different times rather than together. How much extra do you actually pay in fees when you take multiple loans instead of one? Because the administrative fee is charged each time a loan is granted, borrowing repeatedly costs more than borrowing once — even when you never hold a large amount at any point. Take a borrower who needs S$2,000 in January, repays it, needs S$2,000 again in May, repays that, then needs S$2,000 in September. Three loans have been granted, so the maximum administrative fee is S$200 on each, or S$600 in total. A borrower who took one S$2,000 loan and held it for the year pays that fee once: up to S$200. Both borrowers were never more than S$2,000 in debt to a licensed moneylender. One paid up to three times the fee. Interest works differently and can pull the other way. Interest is calculated on the monthly outstanding principal after payments have been applied to principal, so holding a smaller balance for a shorter time means less interest. Borrowing small and repaying quickly is not automatically expensive — borrowing small repeatedly is what stacks up the fees. These figures use the maximum charges permitted by law. They are an illustration, not a quotation. Actual charges depend on the lender’s assessment and the terms of the signed agreement. Is the 10% administrative fee charged on the loan amount, or on the cash I actually receive? The fee can be up to 10% of the principal, and a licensed moneylender in Singapore may deduct it upfront when the loan is granted. On a S$2,000 loan where the full fee is deducted, you would receive S$1,800 while your contractual principal remains S$2,000. The 10% figure is a maximum, not a fixed charge, as of September 2026. Does taking multiple loans affect how much I can borrow in total in Singapore? Yes. The unsecured borrowing cap set under the Moneylenders Act applies across all licensed moneylenders combined, not per lender, so an existing loan reduces what any other licensed moneylender can lend you. Approaching a second or third moneylender does not raise the total. Loans are checked through the Moneylenders Credit Bureau (MLCB) when you apply. Maximum aggregate unsecured borrowing across all licensed moneylenders in Singapore, as of September 2026. Annual income Singapore Citizens and PRs Foreigners residing in Singapore Below S$10,000 S$3,000 S$500 S$10,000 to below S$20,000 S$3,000 S$3,000 S$20,000 and above 6 times monthly income 6 times monthly income These tiers are published by the Registry of Moneylenders, Ministry of Law, in its FAQs on borrowing from licensed moneylenders. Does the cap count only licensed moneylender loans, or my bank and credit card debt too? The statutory cap is calculated from unsecured loans granted by licensed moneylenders. Bank loans and credit card balances do not form part of that particular calculation. They can still matter, because a licensed moneylender must assess your ability to repay before granting a loan, and your wider commitments are part of that assessment. Does the cap apply to what I originally borrowed, or what I still owe? For an unsecured loan, the cap is worked out by adding the amount of the proposed new loan to your outstanding unsecured loan amount with licensed moneylenders, as shown in the credit report. That outstanding figure excludes interest, late interest and fees. Repaying principal therefore reduces the amount counted against you, but it does not entitle you to a new loan. Approval is subject to the lender’s assessment of your income, existing loans and repayment ability. Do secured loans count towards the same cap as unsecured loans? No. The tiers above apply to unsecured borrowing. For secured loans, there is no prescribed maximum amount, as of September 2026. Can the
Why Your 4th Loan Application Got Rejected — Why MLCB Record Matters and What Your MLCB Record Says About You?
A rejection from a licensed moneylender can happen even when you are employed and earning. The reasons lie in the borrowing rules licensed moneylenders in Singapore must follow, and in the lender’s assessment. This page sets out six reasons an application is turned down, and how to tell which applies to you. Why was my loan application rejected even though I have a job and income? Being employed does not by itself qualify you to borrow. Licensed moneylenders in Singapore must apply borrowing caps set under the Moneylenders Act, and must obtain a credit report from the Moneylenders Credit Bureau (MLCB) before granting a loan. An application can be turned down because you have reached your aggregate cap, your income tier limits you, you are listed for self-exclusion, your repayment record, or the lender’s assessment. You have already reached your aggregate cap. As of August 2026, the unsecured borrowing cap applies across all licensed moneylenders combined, not once per lender. Your annual income is below S$20,000. A Singapore Citizen or Permanent Resident earning less than S$20,000 a year can borrow at most S$3,000 unsecured in total. You are a foreigner in a lower income tier. Foreigners residing in Singapore are capped at S$500 where annual income is below S$10,000, and S$3,000 from S$10,000 to below S$20,000. You are listed for self-exclusion with the MLCB. A self-exclusion listing blocks new unsecured loans from licensed moneylenders, with debt consolidation loans excepted. Your repayment record. The MLCB record shows whether each instalment that fell due was paid on time. The lender’s assessment. Under the Moneylenders Act, the report is used to assess creditworthiness and set the maximum that may be lent. Approval is subject to the lender’s assessment of your income, existing loans, and repayment ability. What exactly do licensed moneylenders see when they pull my MLCB record? A licensed moneylender in Singapore must obtain a credit report from the Moneylenders Credit Bureau (MLCB) before granting a loan. The Loan Information Report shows which licensed moneylenders you have outstanding loans with, whether each instalment due was paid on time, amounts outstanding including interest and fees, your aggregate secured and unsecured borrowing, and the aggregate amount of your pending unsecured loan applications. Your report shows the aggregate amount of pending applications, not every application you have ever made. A licensed moneylender that declines your application must notify the bureau and give the reason. What the MLCB record does not contain The MLCB holds factual loan and repayment information, with no bureau score or risk grade of the kind a Credit Bureau Singapore (CBS) report carries. It does not collect bank credit facilities or deposit data, so bank loans, credit cards and mortgages are not reflected. Who can see my MLCB record, and can I get a copy? The Moneylenders Act permits the Loan Information Report to be disclosed to you, to licensed moneylenders, and to the Registrar and public agencies in specified circumstances. It is not a public credit file, and not something an employer or family member can look up. You can buy your own report for S$0.50 including GST through the MLCB website with Singpass identity verification, or at the Credit Counselling Singapore office. How much borrowing headroom do I actually have left right now? The unsecured borrowing cap for loans from licensed moneylenders in Singapore is an aggregate across all licensed moneylenders combined. Your headroom is that cap minus what you already owe on unsecured loans, so borrowing from one lender reduces what any other can lend you. Secured loans have no cap. Table: Unsecured borrowing caps for loans from licensed moneylenders in Singapore, as of August 2026 Borrower Annual income Maximum unsecured borrowing, all licensed moneylenders combined Singapore Citizen or Permanent Resident Below S$20,000 S$3,000 Singapore Citizen or Permanent Resident S$20,000 and above 6 times monthly income Foreigner residing in Singapore Below S$10,000 S$500 Foreigner residing in Singapore S$10,000 to below S$20,000 S$3,000 Foreigner residing in Singapore S$20,000 and above 6 times monthly income Any borrower, secured loans Any No cap Does a secured loan count towards my S$3,000 or 6x monthly income cap? No. The caps licensed moneylenders in Singapore must apply are caps on unsecured lending; secured loans carry no cap under the Moneylenders Act. Worked example: how remaining headroom is calculated These figures illustrate the arithmetic; they are not a real borrower. A Singapore Citizen earns S$3,000 a month, or S$36,000 a year — above the S$20,000 threshold, so the cap is six times monthly income. Cap: 6 x S$3,000 = S$18,000 Outstanding unsecured loan, Lender A: S$11,000 Outstanding unsecured loan, Lender B: S$4,500 Total outstanding: S$15,500 Remaining headroom: S$18,000 − S$15,500 = S$2,500 Here, a third licensed moneylender could not lend more than S$2,500 unsecured. If my loan application is rejected, do I have to pay anything? A licensed moneylender in Singapore may charge an administrative fee of at most 10% of the principal, and that fee is chargeable when the loan is granted. Where no loan is granted, that fee does not arise, so a rejected application carries no administrative fee. As of August 2026, the charges a licensed moneylender may impose are limited to interest of at most 4% per month, late interest of at most 4% per month on the amount repaid late, a late fee of at most S$60 for each month of late repayment, the administrative fee, and court-ordered legal costs. Interest and all fees added together can never exceed the loan principal. A demand to transfer money before a loan is disbursed is not one of those permitted charges, and MinLaw warns against practices such as withholding part of the principal. How do I improve my MLCB record before I apply again? Nothing you do makes approval certain — approval is subject to the lender’s assessment of your income, existing loans and repayment ability. What you can do is remove the obstacles you control: read your own record, bring your outstanding unsecured borrowing down, correct anything inaccurate, and get